概述 <p class="ql-block"> 如果說之前的哲學(xué)家形象都比較模糊，哲學(xué)思想主要來自于信徒和后輩學(xué)者的論述，那么赫拉克利特被認為是有存世理論的第一位哲學(xué)家。</p><p class="ql-block"> 他雖然是伊奧尼亞人，但與米利都學(xué)派起不搭邊，他是一個神秘主義者，是“辯證法的奠基人”，對黑格爾的思想產(chǎn)生重要影響。</p> 哲學(xué)觀點 <p class="ql-block"> 赫拉克利特認為：</p><p class="ql-block"> 1、火是基本物質(zhì)。(All things are an exchange for Fire, and Fire for all things, even as wares for gold and gold for</p><p class="ql-block"> wares)</p><p class="ql-block"> 2、萬物皆流。（everything is in a state of flux。You cannot step twice into the same river; for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you.)</p><p class="ql-block"> 3、一生萬物，萬物合一。（All things come out of the one, and the one out of all things），有沒有點老子的感覺？</p><p class="ql-block"> 4、生命轉(zhuǎn)化。（Mortals are immortals, and immortals are mortals, the one living the other's death and dying the other's life）</p><p class="ql-block"> 5、辯證統(tǒng)一。（There is unity in the world, but it is a unity formed by the combination of opposites。The way up and the way down is one and the same。Good and ill are one.）</p><p class="ql-block"> 6、戰(zhàn)爭是公平的，它是世界之父。（War is the father of all and the king of all; and some he has made gods and some men, some bond and some free。 war is common to all and strife is justice, and that all things come into being and pass away through strife.）</p><p class="ql-block"> </p> 感想 <p class="ql-block"> 公元前600—400年真是一個神奇的時代，東西方都產(chǎn)生了很多影響人類歷史發(fā)展的思想家。雖然他們的觀點看起來似乎大相徑庭，但其實對世界的認識方法還是有很多共同之處。他們都試圖探尋世界的本質(zhì)或人類社會的存在方法與意義。</p><p class="ql-block"> 我感到好奇的是那個時代，東西方到底有沒有思想交流？</p><p class="ql-block"> </p>