<p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">《蔚然悟語》7.5</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">孔子不復(fù)夢見周公</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> 【原文】</p><p class="ql-block"> 子曰：“甚矣，吾衰也！久矣，吾不復(fù)夢見周公①?！?lt;/p><p class="ql-block"> 【注釋】</p><p class="ql-block"> ①周公：姓姬，名旦，周文王的兒子，周武王的弟弟，周成王的叔父，魯國國君的始祖，傳說是西周典章制度的制定者。他是孔子所崇拜的人之一。</p><p class="ql-block"> 【譯文】</p><p class="ql-block"> 孔子說：“我已經(jīng)老得不行了，我有很長時間沒有夢見過周公了。”</p><p class="ql-block"> 【王蔚悟語】</p><p class="ql-block"> 這應(yīng)該是孔子年紀很大時說的一段話?？鬃踊盍?3歲，在當(dāng)時算是高壽了。</p><p class="ql-block"> 孔子感嘆自己很老了，老得連做夢都夢不到周公了。周公是孔子心目中的圣人。</p><p class="ql-block"> 周公，姬姓，名旦。西周開國元勛，杰出的政治家、軍事家、思想家、教育家，號稱“元圣”、儒學(xué)先驅(qū)，周文王姬昌第四子，周武王姬發(fā)的弟弟。采邑在周，故稱周公。</p><p class="ql-block"> 周公封于魯，留朝執(zhí)政，長子伯禽代他就封。武王卒，成王幼，周公攝政。管叔、蔡叔、霍叔等不服，聯(lián)合殷貴族武庚和東夷反叛。周公率師東征，平定叛亂，滅奄（今山東曲阜東）后大舉分封諸侯，營建成周洛邑（今河南洛陽）。又制禮作樂，為西周典章制度的主要創(chuàng)制者，主張 “明德慎罰”，以“禮”治國，奠定了“成康之治”的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p class="ql-block"> 周公一生的功績被《尚書大傳》概括為：“一年救亂，二年克殷，三年踐奄，四年建侯衛(wèi)，五年營成周，六年制禮樂，七年致政成王。”言論見于《尚書》之《大誥》《康誥》《多士》《無逸》《立政》諸篇。</p><p class="ql-block"> 孔子一生以周公為榜樣，曾把恢復(fù)周公創(chuàng)制的周禮作為自己的政治理想。</p><p class="ql-block"> 當(dāng)然，孔子沒有實現(xiàn)這個理想。正因為沒有實現(xiàn)，孔子才覺得遺憾，這句話表達了孔子無可奈何的心情。</p><p class="ql-block"> 《論語》中有一章講周公：“周公謂魯公曰：‘君子不施其親，不使大臣怨乎不以。故舊無大故，則不棄也。無求備于一人。’ ”</p> <p class="ql-block">ChatGPT譯文</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">"Yiran Wuyu" 7.5</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">**Confucius No Longer Dreams of Duke Zhou</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">[Original Text]</p><p class="ql-block">The Master said: "Alas, I am old! It has been a long time since I last dreamed of Duke Zhou."</p><p class="ql-block">[Notes]</p><p class="ql-block">Duke Zhou: His surname was Ji, and his given name was Dan. He was the son of King Wen of Zhou, the brother of King Wu of Zhou, and the uncle of King Cheng of Zhou. He is considered the ancestor of the rulers of the State of Lu and is said to be the creator of the institutions and systems of the Western Zhou Dynasty. He is one of the figures that Confucius admired.</p><p class="ql-block">[Translation]</p><p class="ql-block">Confucius said: "I am indeed old; I have not dreamed of Duke Zhou for a long time."</p><p class="ql-block">[Wang Yiran's Commentary]</p><p class="ql-block">This statement was likely made by Confucius when he was quite old. Confucius lived to the age of 73, which was considered a long life at that time.</p><p class="ql-block">Confucius lamented his old age, feeling that he was so old that he could no longer dream of Duke Zhou. Duke Zhou was a sage in Confucius's eyes.</p><p class="ql-block">Duke Zhou, with the surname Ji and given name Dan, was a founding figure of the Western Zhou Dynasty, an outstanding politician, military strategist, thinker, and educator, known as the "Original Sage" and a pioneer of Confucianism. He was the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou, Ji Chang, and the brother of King Wu of Zhou, Ji Fa. His fief was in Zhou, hence he is called Duke Zhou.</p><p class="ql-block">Duke Zhou was enfeoffed in Lu and remained in court to govern, with his eldest son, Boqin, taking over his fief. After King Wu's death, King Cheng was young, and Duke Zhou served as regent. Various nobles, including Guan Shu, Cai Shu, and Huo Shu, were discontent and conspired with the Yin noble Wu Geng and the Eastern Yi to rebel. Duke Zhou led an army eastward to quell the rebellion, defeated the Yan (in present-day east Qufu, Shandong), and subsequently granted fiefs to various lords, establishing the capital of Chengzhou (present-day Luoyang, Henan). He also created rites and music, being a major architect of the institutions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, advocating for "clarifying virtue and being cautious with punishment," and governing the state through "ritual," laying the foundation for the "Cheng-Kang Era."</p><p class="ql-block">The achievements of Duke Zhou's life are summarized in the "Shangshu Dazhuan": "In the first year, he quelled chaos; in the second year, he conquered Yin; in the third year, he subdued Yan; in the fourth year, he established marquisates; in the fifth year, he built Chengzhou; in the sixth year, he created rites and music; in the seventh year, he assisted King Cheng in governance." His sayings can be found in various chapters of the "Shangshu," including "Daga," "Kanggao," "Duoshi," "Wuyi," and "Lizheng."</p><p class="ql-block">Throughout his life, Confucius regarded Duke Zhou as a model and aimed to restore the Zhou rites established by Duke Zhou as his political ideal.</p><p class="ql-block">Of course, Confucius did not realize this ideal. It is precisely because he did not achieve it that he felt regret, and this statement expresses his helplessness. </p><p class="ql-block">There is a chapter in the "Analects" that discusses Duke Zhou: "Duke Zhou said to Duke of Lu: 'A gentleman does not impose on his relatives, nor does he cause resentment among his ministers by not using them. If an old friend has no major faults, he should not be abandoned. One should not expect everything from one person.'"</p>