<p class="ql-block">“多走路,人長(zhǎng)壽”是流傳甚廣的俗語(yǔ)。事實(shí)上,堅(jiān)持走路鍛煉的確益處良多。不過(guò),走路雖好,卻并非走得越多就越好。不知從何時(shí)起,“日行一萬(wàn)步”才能保持健康的說(shuō)法悄然流行,這種說(shuō)法究竟有沒(méi)有科學(xué)依據(jù)?步行的健康益處,又會(huì)在達(dá)到多少步后不再明顯提升?今天,我們就一同研讀《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上的文章,探尋答案。</p> <p class="ql-block">How Many Steps Do You Really Need in a Day?</p><p class="ql-block">一天到底需要走多少步?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Walking 10,000 steps a day has long been a fitness cliché. But new research suggests that the health benefits of walking ramp up until about 7,000 steps — before leveling out. And as daily goals go, that’s a little more attainable.</p><p class="ql-block">說(shuō)到健身,“日行一萬(wàn)步”早已是老生常談。但新研究表明,步行帶來(lái)的健康益處會(huì)隨著步數(shù)增加,在到達(dá)約7000步之后趨于平穩(wěn)。就日常目標(biāo)而言,日行七千步也更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The analysis, published in the medical journal The Lancet Public Health, found that even moderate amounts of walking were associated with a lower risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease.</p><p class="ql-block">這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《柳葉刀·公共衛(wèi)生》上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),即使只是中等強(qiáng)度的步行,也有助于降低患癡呆癥和心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">For decades, 10,000 steps was touted as the magic number for good health. But the recommendation is more myth than science. “We don’t have any evidence for 10,000 steps,” said Melody Ding, an epidemiologist at the University of Sydney School of Public Health and the lead author of the new study. “It’s just a really big random number that people throw out there.”</p><p class="ql-block">幾十年來(lái),10000步一直被吹捧為保持健康的“魔法數(shù)字”。但日行一萬(wàn)步的建議其實(shí)沒(méi)什么科學(xué)依據(jù),更多就是種迷思罷了。悉尼大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院流行病學(xué)專家、這項(xiàng)新研究的第一作者梅洛迪·?。∕elody Ding)表示:“沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)能證明每天要走10000步才會(huì)健康,這只是人們隨口說(shuō)出的一個(gè)巨大數(shù)字?!?lt;/p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The analysis found that there was no significant difference in the risk of falls, cancer, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular mortality between people who walked 7,000 versus 10,000 steps per day. </p><p class="ql-block">分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在預(yù)防跌倒、癌癥、2型糖尿病以及降低心血管疾病死亡率等方面,每天走7000步和10000步的人之間并沒(méi)有顯著差異。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The health benefits of walking are like juicing an orange: The first few squeezes give the most juice, but after a while, things start to dry up. In the study, increasing from 2,000 to 4,000 steps a day was associated with a 36 percent lower risk of death, while going from 4,000 to 7,000 was linked to a 17 percent lower risk. The gains flatten further beyond that.</p><p class="ql-block">步行對(duì)健康的益處就像榨橙汁:剛開始擠兩三下能得到最多的果汁,但過(guò)一會(huì)兒,擠出的汁水就開始變少了。研究顯示,當(dāng)每天的步數(shù)從2000步增加到4000步,死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低36%,而從4000步增加到7000步,死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)一步下降17%。超過(guò)7000步后,健康收益會(huì)趨于平緩。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Higher step counts are not harmful, said Hannah Arem, an epidemiologist at MedStar Health Research Institute in Washington — but nobody needs to feel guilty if they can’t hit 10,000.</p><p class="ql-block">位于華盛頓的醫(yī)療之星健康研究所(MedStar Health Research Institute)流行病學(xué)家漢娜·阿雷姆(Hannah Arem)表示,走更多步?jīng)]有壞處,但如果你達(dá)不到10000步,也完全不必為此自責(zé)。</p><p class="ql-block">(文章翻譯來(lái)自友鄰優(yōu)課)</p> <p class="ql-block">越來(lái)越多研究表明,每天堅(jiān)持走路,既能促進(jìn)健康,又能延長(zhǎng)壽命。2023年《歐洲預(yù)防心臟病學(xué)雜志》的研究就證實(shí),多走路有助于長(zhǎng)壽。這可能與多種因素相關(guān):比如促進(jìn)下肢靜脈回流與血液循環(huán)、保護(hù)心臟;增強(qiáng)心肺功能,改善血壓、血糖、膽固醇水平,以及情緒、認(rèn)知、記憶和睡眠;還能鍛煉協(xié)調(diào)與平衡能力。這些都能提升心血管及整體健康,降低心血管疾病、癌癥、糖尿病等多種疾病的發(fā)病和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。</p> <p class="ql-block">如今,不少人習(xí)慣佩戴智能手表或運(yùn)動(dòng)手環(huán),記錄每日運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康數(shù)據(jù)。微信運(yùn)動(dòng)里,步數(shù)越高往往獲贊越多,這在某種程度上成了“重視運(yùn)動(dòng)”的象征。于是有人執(zhí)著于每日達(dá)標(biāo),甚至患上“步數(shù)強(qiáng)迫癥”,沒(méi)走到一萬(wàn)步就心生愧疚。其實(shí)對(duì)久坐辦公族而言,達(dá)標(biāo)本就不易,很容易因此引發(fā)“運(yùn)動(dòng)焦慮”。</p> <p class="ql-block">“日行一萬(wàn)步”的說(shuō)法也招致不少質(zhì)疑。若不顧實(shí)際情況,一味執(zhí)著于每日走路量,反而可能因過(guò)度疲勞造成關(guān)節(jié)磨損,甚至誘發(fā)關(guān)節(jié)疾病。</p> <p class="ql-block">那么,究竟走多少步既能有效鍛煉身體,又能避免損傷膝關(guān)節(jié)呢?好消息是,《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的這篇文章顛覆了這一傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知:“日行一萬(wàn)步”并無(wú)科學(xué)依據(jù),同時(shí)指出“性價(jià)比最高”的步數(shù)為每日7000步——一旦步數(shù)超過(guò)這個(gè)數(shù)值,健康收益便會(huì)趨于平緩。</p> <p class="ql-block">關(guān)于步數(shù)對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)的影響,國(guó)內(nèi)也有相關(guān)研究。2025年2月,中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在《風(fēng)濕病年鑒》發(fā)表的成果,探討了每日走路步數(shù)與膝關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的關(guān)聯(lián),并找到了最利于預(yù)防膝關(guān)節(jié)疾病的步行量。研究顯示,每天約8000步最為理想:這一步數(shù)既能增強(qiáng)肌肉力量、改善關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性,又能有效減輕關(guān)節(jié)負(fù)擔(dān);而一旦超過(guò)8000步,對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)的益處便不再增加。</p> <p class="ql-block">除了最佳步數(shù),研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),每天下午6點(diǎn)后走路鍛煉,健康益處最為顯著。2024年《肥胖》期刊上的一項(xiàng)研究指出,一天中最佳的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間是下午6點(diǎn)以后,此時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)最利于降低血糖,同時(shí)能最大程度減少心血管疾病、微血管疾病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及全因死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。</p> <p class="ql-block">走路,作為一種簡(jiǎn)單易行且性價(jià)比極高的鍛煉方式,深受大眾青睞,而每日7000步更是其中性價(jià)比最優(yōu)的選擇。讓我們行動(dòng)起來(lái),邁著輕快的步伐,用實(shí)際行動(dòng)響應(yīng)2025年“體重管理年”的倡導(dǎo)。</p> <p class="ql-block">(以上圖片來(lái)自網(wǎng)絡(luò))</p>