<p class="ql-block">最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國人均預(yù)期壽命已達(dá)78.6歲，身邊八九十歲的長(zhǎng)壽老人日漸常見，"人生七十古來稀"早已成為歷史。長(zhǎng)壽的"秘訣"究竟藏在哪里？是基因的饋贈(zèng)更關(guān)鍵，還是生活方式起決定作用？媒體對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽老人的采訪中，答案五花八門，讓人難辨究竟。不如讓我們翻開《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的相關(guān)報(bào)道，一同探尋科學(xué)視角下的長(zhǎng)壽之道。</p> <p class="ql-block">What Matters More for Longevity: Genes or Lifestyle?</p><p class="ql-block">想要長(zhǎng)壽，什么更重要？基因還是生活方式？</p><p class="ql-block">By Dana G. Smith</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">There are countless stories about people who reach 100, and their daily habits sometimes flout conventional advice on diet, exercise, and alcohol and tobacco use. Yet decades of research shows that ignoring this advice can negatively affect most people's health and cut their lives short.</p><p class="ql-block">關(guān)于百歲老人的故事數(shù)不勝數(shù)，他們的日常生活習(xí)慣有時(shí)還會(huì)違背一些有關(guān)飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)、飲酒和吸煙的傳統(tǒng)建議。然而，數(shù)十年的研究表明，如果人們因此而忽視這些傳統(tǒng)建議，就會(huì)對(duì)自己的健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，并且縮短壽命。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">So how much of a person's longevity can be attributed to lifestyle choices and how much is just luck — or lucky genetics? It depends on how long you're hoping to live.</p><p class="ql-block">那么，一個(gè)人的長(zhǎng)壽有多少可以歸因于生活方式的選擇，又有多少只是運(yùn)氣——或者說幸運(yùn)的遺傳呢？這取決于你想要活多久。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Research suggests that making it to 80 or even 90 is largely in our control. One study published last year, which analyzed the lifestyles of more than 276,000 male and female United States veterans, found that adopting eight healthy behaviors could add up to 24 years to people's lives. They included eating a healthy diet, getting regular physical activity, sleeping well, managing stress, having strong relationships, and not smoking, abusing opioids or drinking to excess. </p><p class="ql-block">研究表明，活到80歲甚至90歲，在很大程度上是我們可以控制的。去年發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究分析了27.6萬多名美國男女退伍軍人的生活方式，發(fā)現(xiàn)采取8種健康行為可使人們的壽命延長(zhǎng)24年。這些行為包括健康飲食、規(guī)律鍛煉、充足睡眠、控制壓力、保持良好的人際關(guān)系，以及不吸煙、不濫用阿片類藥物和過量飲酒。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">If you want to become a centenarian, you're going to need a little help from your ancestors. Because the older someone gets, the more genetics seem to matter. </p><p class="ql-block">不過，如果你想活到百歲，那你需要一點(diǎn)來自祖先的幫助。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人年紀(jì)越大，基因的作用似乎就越重要。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Having the right set of genes to impact longevity is like winning the lottery. So even if your mother made it to 100, you should still practice behaviors you know are good for you, just in case you didn't hit the genetic jackpot. And whatever you do, don't take health advice from a centenarian. For them, lifestyle probably didn't matter much. For the rest of us, it really does.</p><p class="ql-block">想擁有影響長(zhǎng)壽的一系列正確基因就像中彩票一樣。因此，即使你的母親活到了100歲，你也應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持那些對(duì)自身健康有益的行為，以防你沒有中到基因大獎(jiǎng)。并且無論你做什么，都不要聽從百歲老人的健康建議。對(duì)他們來說，生活方式可能沒那么關(guān)鍵。但對(duì)我們其他人來說，生活方式真的很重要。</p><p class="ql-block">(以上翻譯選自友鄰優(yōu)課)</p> <p class="ql-block">暫且拋開外界因素的影響，單看個(gè)人能否左右壽命長(zhǎng)短。報(bào)道指出，活到七八十歲并不難，但要跨越百歲大關(guān)、走向更綿長(zhǎng)的生命旅程，一定程度上離不開“好基因”的加持。人們見到百歲老人，總會(huì)好奇他們的日常起居，想從中借鑒長(zhǎng)壽之道。然而事實(shí)是，這些壽星能得享高壽，多是得益于幸運(yùn)的基因——即便他們做些普通人眼中的“不健康之事”，基因也能為其筑起防護(hù)屏障?？扇羝胀ㄈ藳]有這份基因饋贈(zèng)，盲目效仿，反而可能損害自身健康。</p> <p class="ql-block">既然無從知曉自己是否命中“基因彩票”，普通人該如何把握健康長(zhǎng)壽的人生？答案或許很簡(jiǎn)單：健康的生活方式，才是最可靠的長(zhǎng)壽密鑰。</p> <p class="ql-block">文章提出一套包含八項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的健康模式：</p><p class="ql-block">1. 堅(jiān)持健康飲食</p><p class="ql-block">2. 保持規(guī)律鍛煉</p><p class="ql-block">3. 保證充足睡眠</p><p class="ql-block">4. 學(xué)會(huì)控制壓力</p><p class="ql-block">5. 維系良好人際關(guān)系</p><p class="ql-block">6. 堅(jiān)決不吸煙</p><p class="ql-block">7. 不濫用阿片類藥物</p><p class="ql-block">8. 避免過量飲酒</p> <p class="ql-block">不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這八項(xiàng)健康模式大多無需雄厚的物質(zhì)支撐，卻處處考驗(yàn)著人的自控力。無論在身體健康的守護(hù)上，還是事業(yè)學(xué)業(yè)的深耕中，年歲越長(zhǎng)就越能體會(huì)：自控力的強(qiáng)弱，往往決定了人生能走多遠(yuǎn)、站多穩(wěn)。守住這份清醒與堅(jiān)持，或許正是普通人通往健康長(zhǎng)壽最扎實(shí)的階梯。</p> <p class="ql-block">(圖片選自網(wǎng)絡(luò))</p>