<p class="ql-block">20 24年12 月31日集大高鐵如期正式通車，正是距1909年京張鐵路平綏線開(kāi)始建設(shè)一百一十年五年時(shí)間，從每小時(shí)35公里到350公里，這是從平綏鐵路到京包線一次歷史性的跨越，翻看2018年我曾經(jīng)寫下的平綏鐵路的記憶一文更是感慨萬(wàn)千。2019年呼市去北京的高鐵開(kāi)通，從呼市到北京2小時(shí)18分時(shí)間濃縮了中國(guó)鐵路一百多年的滄桑史！</p> <p class="ql-block">2018年春分那天，天空灰蒙蒙的，還夾雜著雨雪，我和幾個(gè)相關(guān)人士一行探訪了平綏鐵路老車站，有許多和平綏鐵路相關(guān)的人和事呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。我們到達(dá)的第一站是白塔老車站。鐵路老站深藏在新站背后塞罕區(qū)巴彥鎮(zhèn)一個(gè)叫個(gè)黑土凹雜亂的村子里，車站前面和后面有兩棵高大的老楊樹(shù)是車站繁華和衰落的見(jiàn)證者，至今守護(hù)著老站。站房上嵌有民國(guó)十年陳世華書(shū)的匾額“白塔車站PAITA”。像一列火車頭，站牌，站房取暖的煙囪伸出房頂像行進(jìn)中冒著煙的火車頭。老白塔火車站現(xiàn)存主體建筑主要是站房、信號(hào)房、還有站房后面的站長(zhǎng)室及其他公用房，基本保持了歷史原貌。是平綏鐵路現(xiàn)存的三座老站中的一站。平綏鐵路1921年5月1日建成通車，當(dāng)年白塔火車站即投入使用，1937年歸綏淪陷后，日本侵略者對(duì)其進(jìn)行了局部改造，為防止大青山抗日游擊隊(duì)，修建了多幾座碉堡。</p> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1977</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年由于京包線局部改線，白塔老火車站遠(yuǎn)離鐵路線，隨遭廢棄，但因?yàn)樽鲞^(guò)鐵路職工培訓(xùn)技校有幸隱沒(méi)在一個(gè)還沒(méi)有改造的城市邊緣的村中保存至今，2014年成為內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，但近一兩年才被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)和認(rèn)識(shí)到他的價(jià)值，寂寞了多年的老站有了越來(lái)越多的訪客，老站的歷史意義和滄桑之美也引起更多人的關(guān)注。</span></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在走訪老車站的過(guò)程中，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">新舊鐵路交匯的同時(shí)歷史也在我腦海中交匯。</span> 由白塔老站也引發(fā)了我對(duì)平綏鐵路歷史的興趣和探究。</span></h3> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">平綏鐵路是1909年京張鐵路通車后，逐段開(kāi)展修筑，且邊修通邊開(kāi)始投入運(yùn)營(yíng)的，1923年延至包頭。原稱京綏鐵路，因1928年6月北京更名北平而改稱平綏，建國(guó)后叫京包鐵路。內(nèi)蒙段鐵路沿線的老車站主要有新安莊、豐鎮(zhèn)、平地泉、卓資、白塔、包頭。平綏鐵路對(duì)溝通內(nèi)地跟西北的聯(lián)系，促進(jìn)察（察哈爾，1952年撤省）、晉北部與內(nèi)蒙的經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)具有重要作用。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> 在內(nèi)蒙古境內(nèi)通車最早的車站是豐鎮(zhèn)車站，建于1915年，當(dāng)時(shí)的工程局就設(shè)在豐鎮(zhèn)。在我的記憶中和白塔車站，卓資車站風(fēng)格大體一致，豐鎮(zhèn)車站沿線的官房都用石頭砌的，可能避震效果要好些，鐵道邊的老官房曾經(jīng)是平綏鐵路的一大景觀。平綏鐵路在豐鎮(zhèn)設(shè)站帶來(lái)了豐鎮(zhèn)這座處于晉蒙交界小鎮(zhèn)的繁榮。在車站附近的盛記巷商號(hào)云集，還建起了第一座戲院?？上靶┠昀险静鸪?，老官房也拆除了，按它的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和結(jié)實(shí)程度再立百年也沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> （畫(huà)家趙華東記憶中的豐鎮(zhèn)火車站）</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> 1919年京綏鐵路修至蘇集，擬在平地泉村建站，由于當(dāng)時(shí)平地泉是外國(guó)天主教會(huì)在內(nèi)蒙一帶影響最大的地區(qū)，外國(guó)神父唆使操縱當(dāng)?shù)亟堂竦种平ㄕ?，不得不將車站移至離平地泉十公里有老哇嘴村（今天的集寧南站處），站名仍叫平地泉站。 </p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"> 我們第二站到達(dá)卓資山老火車站時(shí)天空正下起了第一場(chǎng)春雨，而且雨雪交加，天氣陰冷。老站與新站并排而立，那個(gè)時(shí)段沒(méi)有客車通過(guò)，站臺(tái)上非常清靜，就我們幾個(gè)采訪者。偶爾有貨車通過(guò)。卓資火車1923年建成開(kāi)站，1987年新站建成后停止使用。卓資老車站比白塔車站保留的要好，功能齊全，八十多年前的售票處、侯車室原貌還在，舊的長(zhǎng)條椅還在。值得慶幸的是由于和老站并排而立沒(méi)有像白塔老站因?yàn)樾抡靖木€徹底隱退，消失在鐵路線上。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"><br></p> <p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">作為中國(guó)建造的第一條鐵路，京綏鐵路不僅是當(dāng)時(shí)全國(guó)的交通之重，也是全國(guó)最賺錢的鐵路之一。但從它出現(xiàn)，英俄美日奧等國(guó)都對(duì)它虎視眈眈，想盡辦法想要控制這條鐵路。王治良在《京綏鐵路工人的一次愛(ài)國(guó)護(hù)路斗爭(zhēng)》一文中記載了當(dāng)時(shí)的情況：</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1918</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，日本以每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘的高額利息，借給中國(guó)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">600</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">萬(wàn)日元。美國(guó)不甘心日本獨(dú)占這項(xiàng)利益，便收買了京綏鐵路局局長(zhǎng)陳世華。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日，陳世華以京綏鐵路代表名義同美國(guó)車輛公司代表簽訂了用</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1245000</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美元購(gòu)買該公司</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">300</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">輛棚車的購(gòu)車合同。當(dāng)時(shí)商定先付</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">274200</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美元，其余分</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">次還清，年息</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘，每次還</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">萬(wàn)美元。這是一筆居心叵測(cè)的交易。據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)，京綏鐵路經(jīng)過(guò)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">次短期借款，已經(jīng)欠債</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3000</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多萬(wàn)元，而</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1921</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年京綏鐵路全年結(jié)余</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">399649</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">元，怎么能償還得起這筆巨款呢？</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1922</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日，美國(guó)迫使北洋政府簽訂了喪權(quán)辱國(guó)的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">展期合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，將</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘利息改為</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">厘</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，而且規(guī)定美國(guó)有權(quán)舉薦有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的會(huì)計(jì)員監(jiān)督車輛的使用和運(yùn)費(fèi)收入</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通過(guò)這種手段一步步奪取京綏鐵路的管理權(quán)。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 得知京綏鐵路主權(quán)被出賣的消息后，鐵路工人震驚了。當(dāng)時(shí)，先前被李大釗送入鐵路內(nèi)部的幾名共產(chǎn)黨人發(fā)揮了重要作用。此前，為維護(hù)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益，他們專門成立了京綏鐵路車務(wù)工人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同人會(huì)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，何孟雄擔(dān)任秘書(shū)，同時(shí)在其他鐵路線設(shè)立了分會(huì)。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事件一出，在</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同人會(huì)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，一場(chǎng)反對(duì)北洋軍閥出賣京綏鐵路主權(quán)的護(hù)路斗爭(zhēng)打響了，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">300</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">多人組成的護(hù)國(guó)救路團(tuán)四處散發(fā)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">打倒賣國(guó)賊</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">取消亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">誓死不做亡國(guó)奴</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的傳單，揭露當(dāng)局出賣京綏鐵路主權(quán)的行徑。他們還打著</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">急起救路</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的白旗，到北洋政府眾議院請(qǐng)?jiān)福笕∠雎泛贤?，?yán)懲交通總長(zhǎng)高恩洪。并要求，取消</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">前，全體工人脫離該路所轄，不承認(rèn)任何工作指令。軍閥政府怕事態(tài)擴(kuò)大，只好被迫撤回已經(jīng)簽訂的合同，并懲辦了向美國(guó)訂購(gòu)車輛的京綏鐵路局局長(zhǎng)陳世華。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在共產(chǎn)黨人的努力下，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亡路合同</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">取消了，京綏鐵路保住了。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1925</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年，北洋政府交通部為利于移民，曾制定規(guī)劃，指定由京綏鐵路局發(fā)售移民減價(jià)票。但因連年軍閥混戰(zhàn)，該鐵路忙于運(yùn)兵，而導(dǎo)致收入銳減。不久外患頻仍，內(nèi)弊叢生，更令局方債臺(tái)高筑，故而發(fā)售移民減價(jià)票成為一紙空文。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">到了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，南京政府鐵道部（成立于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1928</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，首任部長(zhǎng)為孫中山之子孫科）前法規(guī)委員會(huì)委員沈昌（時(shí)年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">27</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲，系冰心、吳文藻夫婦留美時(shí)的同學(xué)），派任平綏鐵路局局長(zhǎng)，為</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">振興路務(wù)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，制定了包括恢復(fù)發(fā)售移民減價(jià)票的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">復(fù)興規(guī)劃</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。而此時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)開(kāi)發(fā)西北聲浪日趨高漲，平綏鐵路此舉無(wú)疑順應(yīng)了社會(huì)發(fā)展潮流。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 1934</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月和次年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，平綏鐵路當(dāng)局將重新修訂的移民減價(jià)票發(fā)售辦法，兩次呈報(bào)鐵道部，經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)后，于當(dāng)年執(zhí)行。辦法規(guī)定：移民減價(jià)票發(fā)售日期由每年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日起，至</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日止。票價(jià)：成人按普通三等車車票之四成核收現(xiàn)款；</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲以上、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲以下者減半；移民之母、妻及不滿</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲之子女，一律免票。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">為了廣泛宣傳優(yōu)待移民乘車的章程，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">24</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日，平綏鐵路局函致冀、豫、魯、晉、綏（綏遠(yuǎn)，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1954</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年撤省，并入內(nèi)蒙古、河北等地）諸省政府，附送該鐵路移民減價(jià)規(guī)則，請(qǐng)通飭所屬，予以公布，并附函綏遠(yuǎn)省各墾務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)，對(duì)前來(lái)該省之移民妥為照料、安置。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">當(dāng)時(shí)上述各省正遭旱、澇、蟲(chóng)、瘟之災(zāi)，天災(zāi)之外，尚有兵禍。農(nóng)民迫于生計(jì)，不得不攜妻帶子外出逃難。平綏鐵路優(yōu)待移民乘車之舉，在相當(dāng)程度上取代了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">殺虎口</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”走西口的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">通道，這對(duì)拯救災(zāi)民于水火之中以及促進(jìn)西北之開(kāi)發(fā)，無(wú)論在主觀還是實(shí)際上，都起到了推動(dòng)作用。沈士華</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，任國(guó)民政府交通部總務(wù)司司長(zhǎng)，并任管理中英庚子賠款董事會(huì)秘書(shū)處主任。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1937</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，任浙江省第三區(qū)行政督察專員兼保安司令。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">無(wú)奈路修成不久，第二次直奉戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，從此頻年內(nèi)亂，鐵路忙于運(yùn)兵導(dǎo)致收入銳減而債臺(tái)高筑，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">·</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一八</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">事變后，外患頓生，內(nèi)弊叢積，經(jīng)營(yíng)管理更是每況愈下。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">當(dāng)局為擺脫困境，于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1933</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月派沈昌出任平綏鐵路局局長(zhǎng)。他臨危受命，憑借在鐵道部所顯現(xiàn)的管理才干和為國(guó)效力的一腔熱血，到任不久便采取整理債務(wù)、嚴(yán)管客貨車輛、出售移民減價(jià)票、開(kāi)辦旅游業(yè)等</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">振興路務(wù)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">等舉措，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">重拳</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">之一乃是整飭沿線治安秩序。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 上個(gè)世紀(jì) </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三十年代的中國(guó)北方兵荒馬亂，該線平地泉（今集寧）至歸綏（今呼和浩特）間的土貴烏拉、卓資山、旗下?tīng)I(yíng)等小車站，除下車旅客屢遭攔路者敲詐搶劫，還常有蟊賊、刁民拆卸風(fēng)閘（壓縮空氣自動(dòng)制動(dòng)裝置）等零件，導(dǎo)致貨車因失去制動(dòng)作用而無(wú)法再開(kāi)行。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌多次研究對(duì)策采取措施。一是加強(qiáng)警務(wù)力量，派路警并聯(lián)合當(dāng)?shù)鼐?，輪番在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)蹲守、巡查，并由專人攜帶易于被歹人拆卸的零件，赴沿線兩側(cè)數(shù)十里地以內(nèi)的所有廢舊金屬回收攤點(diǎn)，讓業(yè)主辨別認(rèn)知，訓(xùn)令不許收購(gòu)此類金屬，若有違反，嚴(yán)懲不貸！</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">為防利欲熏心之業(yè)主繼續(xù)犯案，檢查人員經(jīng)常殺回馬槍，發(fā)現(xiàn)確有不法之徒將偷偷收購(gòu)的零部件弄?dú)?，假作廢品藏匿于隱蔽之處，結(jié)果受到懲處。盜竊者懾于連番打擊，冒險(xiǎn)拆卸的東西沒(méi)人敢收，便因斷了銷贓之路不得不收手。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1904</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年生于浙江桐鄉(xiāng)縣烏鎮(zhèn)一書(shū)香與官宦世家，與冰心、吳文藻夫婦系留美同學(xué)。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1927</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年學(xué)成回國(guó)后歷任鎮(zhèn)江縣長(zhǎng)、上海市府及浙江省保安處上校秘書(shū)、鐵道部購(gòu)料主任委員及總機(jī)廠總經(jīng)理。抗戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)奉調(diào)大后方，歷任西南運(yùn)輸處副主任、交通部材料司司長(zhǎng)、敘（敘府，四川宜賓）昆鐵路局局長(zhǎng)、滇緬鐵路督辦公署顧問(wèn)、川滇鐵路公司總經(jīng)理、川滇線區(qū)司令官等職；擔(dān)任中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)征軍鐵路特派專員隨軍自緬甸步行至印度，蠻荒跋涉，歷盡千難，九死一生。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沈昌憑聰明才智及精通法規(guī)并熟知外交條款之勢(shì)，提前</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">25</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年從法國(guó)收回滇越鐵路經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)，以此卓越貢獻(xiàn)被譽(yù)為</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鐵路精英</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而授勛。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1942</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日因</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">涉歷巨險(xiǎn)，憂勞致疾</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">突發(fā)腦溢血殉職。位于昆明的墓碑毀于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">文革</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2015</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">.</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">天安門閱兵觀禮儀式，其</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">80</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">歲的女兒沈蓓應(yīng)邀從美國(guó)趕至參加，并代表父親領(lǐng)取了抗戰(zhàn)勝利</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">70</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">周年紀(jì)念章。</span></h3><p style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 現(xiàn)存的老車站見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)歷史的百年滄桑，有許多文化名人曾經(jīng)在平綏鐵路線上留下過(guò)足跡。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span>平緩鐵路也經(jīng)歷了中國(guó)抗日烽火和解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的洗禮。 </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 1936</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月，綏遠(yuǎn)抗戰(zhàn)的炮聲打響后，著名戰(zhàn)地記者方大曾立即到前線采訪。這次長(zhǎng)達(dá)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">43</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">天的行程，他就是從集寧車站下車到達(dá)綏遠(yuǎn)抗戰(zhàn)前線，他全報(bào)道綏遠(yuǎn)抗戰(zhàn)，用相機(jī)和筆為武器，將前線的消息及時(shí)傳遞到后方，寫出《興和之行》、《從集寧到陶林》、《綏東前線視察記》等稿件。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年冬天在綏遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)采訪時(shí)，小方出人意料地給母親寄回一張照片。照片上的他，身著軍裝，英武帥氣。他在照片上寫道：</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">母親大人存念</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。他報(bào)道了發(fā)生在烏蘭察布著名著名的紅格爾圖戰(zhàn)役，而就在這個(gè)時(shí)候他失蹤在抗戰(zhàn)前線</span></h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1934年夏天，應(yīng)平綏鐵路局局長(zhǎng)沈昌先生的邀請(qǐng)，北平的幾位文化界名人組成</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">平綏沿線旅行團(tuán)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">日，從北平清華園出發(fā)，沿平綏鐵路，考察中國(guó)西北的風(fēng)土人情，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">山川地理，前后共四十余日。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 平綏鐵路是第一條由中國(guó)人自己設(shè)計(jì)、自己修建并經(jīng)營(yíng)的鐵路，在那個(gè)年代，意義不同于一般。再者，沈昌先生希望請(qǐng)些文化名家對(duì)平綏線沿途的風(fēng)光物產(chǎn)等多做些宣傳。被邀請(qǐng)的文化名人里，女作家冰心在列。沈昌先生的姐姐沈驪英女士和冰心是留美期間的同學(xué)，而沈昌本人和冰心的丈夫吳文藻先生也是留美期間的同學(xué)，所以冰心和她的丈夫成了那次旅行的組織者。在冰心的邀請(qǐng)下，文國(guó)鼐、雷潔瓊、顧頡剛、鄭振鐸、陳其田、趙澄參加了旅行團(tuán)，加上冰心及其丈夫吳文藻，共八人，踏上了西去的列車。鄭振鐸是作家、文學(xué)史家、翻譯家、也是收藏家；雷潔瓊是社會(huì)學(xué)家、法學(xué)家、教育家；顧頡剛是歷史學(xué)家、民俗學(xué)家；吳文藻是社會(huì)學(xué)家、人類學(xué)家；陳其田是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家；文國(guó)鼐是翻譯家；趙澄是攝影家；而冰心是家喻戶曉的女作家。旅行團(tuán)所到之處，先后受到綏遠(yuǎn)省政府主席傅作義、晉綏軍騎兵司令趙承綬等地方軍政人士及蒙古上層人士的熱情接待。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">時(shí)任豐鎮(zhèn)車站站長(zhǎng)的鄭秉璋為鄭振鐸的老同學(xué)，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其中<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">鄭振鐸和</span>冰心，吳文藻夫婦到了豐鎮(zhèn)。</span> 鄭振鐸先生在《西行書(shū)簡(jiǎn)》里寫下的對(duì)大同的印象和評(píng)價(jià)，而冰心則把沿途考察所見(jiàn)寫成了《平綏沿線旅行記》，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1935</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">月由平綏鐵路管理局出版，后書(shū)名改為《冰心游記》，次年由北新書(shū)局出版，風(fēng)靡一時(shí)。</span></span></span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 著名記者、作家蕭乾的第一次采訪也是從平綏鐵路起步的。1934年暑假，他認(rèn)識(shí)了平綏鐵路貨運(yùn)員孟仰賢?！庇谑鞘捛统蔀椤包S魚(yú)”——不買票的特殊乘客，他從塞北回來(lái)后的特寫《平綏瑣記》登在《大公報(bào)》上，引起當(dāng)時(shí)主管內(nèi)蒙古事務(wù)的傅作義的注意。平綏鐵路的采訪，是蕭乾人生第一次采訪。蕭乾在他的《文學(xué)回憶錄》中說(shuō)，那趟黃魚(yú)旅行是其接觸社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的開(kāi)始。（蕭乾，蒙古族，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代著名記者、文學(xué)家、翻譯家。歷任中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì)理事、顧問(wèn)，全國(guó)政協(xié)委員，中央文史館館長(zhǎng)等）。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間中國(guó)賀龍、朱德率領(lǐng)的解放大軍也沿平綏鐵路挺進(jìn)，平綏鐵路經(jīng)歷了解解放綏遠(yuǎn)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)洗禮。平綏鐵路是一條有著光榮革命歷史的鐵路。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">出生于呼和浩特土默特左旗什報(bào)氣村，<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1925</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年參加革命，曾歷任綏遠(yuǎn)省人民政府主席、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)人民政府副主席、</span>青海省委第一書(shū)記、中共甘肅省委書(shū)記的楊植霖。</span> 抗戰(zhàn)期間在白塔車站經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)虎口脫險(xiǎn)記。因?yàn)橐獙懟貞涗洠嗄昵八实刂赜蝸?lái)到白塔車站。他在《青山足跡</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">——</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">楊植霖回憶錄》（</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1995</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年，內(nèi)蒙古人民出版社出版）中曾經(jīng)描述到：</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期一天黃昏時(shí)分，我便想到白塔車站附近去打聽(tīng)一下，摸摸情況。這時(shí)天漸漸黑了下來(lái)，四處傳來(lái)陣陣蟲(chóng)鳴。我警惕地摸到車站附近，發(fā)現(xiàn)滿站都是兵，我疑心是日偽軍的先頭部隊(duì)打來(lái)了，正想搞個(gè)清楚，猛然間身后竄出幾個(gè)人把我抓住，七拉八扯帶到了火車站的一間屋里。不容分說(shuō)脫走了我的毛衣，把我僅有的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">50</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">元錢也搜走了，簡(jiǎn)直就是強(qiáng)盜。問(wèn)我是不是埋炸彈炸了他們，我莫名其妙，我說(shuō)</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">不知道</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。那個(gè)搶我東西的兵一下子把子彈推上膛說(shuō)：</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">朋友，走，送你回老家。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”<br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">你開(kāi)什么玩笑，快放我走！</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我說(shuō)。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">誰(shuí)和你開(kāi)玩笑，走！</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">說(shuō)著往出推我，我想，這下碰上漢奸了，死也得死個(gè)明白，我就使勁拖住他，拼命喊：</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">漢奸殺人啦！為什么隨便殺人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正在這時(shí)，從車站站長(zhǎng)室走出一個(gè)當(dāng)官模樣的人，在場(chǎng)的人都稱他為旅長(zhǎng)。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此人喊到“放開(kāi)他?！本瓦@樣楊植霖在白塔車站脫險(xiǎn)。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Verdana; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 在解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間中國(guó)賀龍、朱德率領(lǐng)的解放大軍也沿平綏鐵路挺進(jìn)，平綏鐵路經(jīng)歷了解放綏遠(yuǎn)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)洗禮。平綏鐵路是一條有著光榮革命歷史的鐵路。</span></span></span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋體; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 卓資老車站雖然已經(jīng)退出了鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)臍v史舞臺(tái)，現(xiàn)在成了一個(gè)鐵路博物館，那些老物件、老照片陳列著與平綏鐵路相關(guān)的歷史記憶。</span></h3> <h3><span style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">如今平綏鐵路成為京包線，成為內(nèi)蒙通往全國(guó)的大通道。集寧已經(jīng)開(kāi)通了高鐵、動(dòng)車，京張高鐵也即將通車。夕日的老車站見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)鐵路現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程，許多歷史往事留存在老站房里，在卓資老車站建了個(gè)鐵路博物館，雖然資料不夠豐富，但也留存了平綏鐵路的部分記憶，供人們憑吊歷史。在呼嘯而過(guò)的高鐵中感受時(shí)代快速發(fā)展的節(jié)奏。草原與北京的時(shí)空距離正在縮短，內(nèi)蒙古的交通發(fā)展速度與全國(guó)的距離正在縮短，一路風(fēng)景一路高歌，高鐵將帶著內(nèi)蒙古人繼續(xù)追夢(mèng)！</span><br></h3>