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學攝筆記(對于常拍攝的題材怎么設置相機參數(shù))

玉品

<h3> 數(shù)碼相機的功能很多,拍攝不同題材,相機參數(shù)的設置也會有所不同。能夠熟練掌握這些參數(shù)的設置對于拍出好的照片作用挺重要的。下面我把學習的筆記拿出來和喜歡攝影的朋友一起分享。</h3> <h3>  <span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">1、拍人</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;曝光模式設置:A檔或M檔;</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;若拍人物特寫:大光圈,參照拍靜物,銳度適中,注意對焦在眼睛或重點部位,</span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">居中構圖;</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;若拍人景搭配,中等光圈F8,焦距最廣,構圖三分、黃金分割;</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;iso100盡量低,注意臉部曝光正確。</span></h3> <h3>  <span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">2、拍靜物、花卉魚蟲</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 曝光模式:用A檔,光圈F5.6以上盡量大,焦距50以上,靠近被攝物可使背景虛化;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 感光度:光線強iso100,光線弱iso400以內;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 測光模式:中央或點測光;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">注意對焦,可用居中、對比構圖(四周留空間),機位降低、半蹲或平視。圖片太暗適當+0.7EV曝光補償。</span></h3> <h3>  <span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">3、拍景</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 曝光模式:A或M檔;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 光圈:F8、</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 快門:1/200左右,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">感光度:晴天iso100,</span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">陰天iso400;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 測光模式:矩陣測光;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 鏡頭:廣角體現(xiàn)廣闊(有畸變),</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 中焦寫實,</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 長焦切割空間造虛化(注意安全快門)</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 幾種濾鏡:UV(紫外線濾光鏡),作用保護鏡頭鍍膜;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;CPL(偏振鏡),作用增色、消除玻璃水面反光;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ND(中灰密度鏡),作用減少進光量、延時,拍水神器;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; GND(中灰漸變?yōu)V鏡),作用前期天空顏色漸變,有藍橙綠灰等種類。如遇光比過大(天太亮景太黑),則保證景物正常曝光,鏡頭中天空部分用黑卡紙遮一會兒,減少進光量。</span></h3> <h3>  <span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">4、拍夜景</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 曝光模式:M檔;</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 感光度:上三腳架<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">iso100,沒有則iso1600以內;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 白平衡:自定義白平衡或白熾燈;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 開啟降噪;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">F8以上小光圈(如F11)可以使燈光出現(xiàn)星光,注意安全快門。</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 延長曝光時間(如F22,iso100,快門10-30秒),行人可從畫面中消失,拍出流動車軌;</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 拍光斑:用最大光圈,最遠焦距,正對散布的光源,手動對焦擰出光斑,或對焦最近的前景。</span></h3> <h3><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">5、夜間人像</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;曝光模式:M、夜間人像檔。原理是采集二次曝光(一次閃捕捉人物,一次閃捕捉背景)。上腳架、或穩(wěn)定依托調,自動白平衡,iso400左右。M檔:F2.8-8,慢速同步閃光,后簾閃光模式。夜間人像檔:參數(shù)無需調整。此時閃光燈會閃兩次,按下快門閃一次,曝光結束前再閃一次,所以中途人不要離開和晃動。可實現(xiàn)人物清晰,背景霓虹也漂亮,不至于一團黑。</span></h3> <h3><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">6、追拍,拉焦,旋焦</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 追拍:快門優(yōu)先,快門1/30左右,對焦按快門同時,鏡頭以合適的速度追著車輛移動(有腳架便于控制方向),可營造動感的車輛效果。運動中的人同理。光強弱決定iso大小。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 拉焦:快門優(yōu)先,快門1/30左右(需搭配變焦鏡頭),先對焦,按快門瞬間擰動變焦環(huán),即拉伸鏡頭(過程中保持手臂穩(wěn)定),可拍出徑向縮放、光線拉伸效果。上腳架可延緩拉焦動作,如小光圈配合快門2秒勻速擰動,可實現(xiàn)更細膩更有變化的效果。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;旋焦:快門優(yōu)先,快門1/30左右,先對焦,按快門瞬間,以鏡頭中心為軸(Z軸),小角度晃動機身(XY平面內),過程中保持身體穩(wěn)定,可拍出徑向旋轉效果。多用于小物件在中央部位,四周陪襯雜亂的場景。</span></h3> <h3><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">7、拍流水或噴泉</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 曝光模式:快門優(yōu)先</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 噴泉:快門1/200,足以凝固水珠。適當光圈,注意對焦。</span></h3><h3><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;流水:上腳架,iso100,快門1/50左右,可拍出綢緞絲感。若在黃昏天色漸暗,F(xiàn)16,快門2-10秒,可使絲綢感更細膩。運用ND濾鏡效果更佳。注意構圖和機位,前景中景遠景需俱全。</span></h3> <h3><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">8、拍煙花</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;曝光模式:手動檔,使用快門線,三腳架,F(xiàn)8,B快門。從煙火騰空瞬間按住快門,綻放墜落后松開。在2枚煙火間隔時間,用黑板紙遮住鏡頭,可拍出多煙花重疊效果。水平轉動機身角度,可拍出整排壯觀煙火。</h3> <h3><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">9、拍水滴和煙霧</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;水滴:手動M檔,iso100,F(xiàn)8,快門1/200,無線引閃器,外置閃光燈(指數(shù)1/8左右)。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 機位與水面接近,容器和背景要干凈,用滴管或者吊水瓶上方固定位置,用鉛筆點住落點,自動對焦后切換手動對焦,閃光燈放正上方、側后方、正后方效果均不同。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;煙霧:設置同拍水滴。深色背景,閃光燈放側后方,對焦方式同拍水滴。</h3> <h3><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961);">&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">10、拍鳥和月亮</span></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;拍鳥:</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;光圈優(yōu)先A檔,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;感光度iso100,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 長焦鏡頭(200以上焦段),</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 最大光圈,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 如機器高端可追焦,則設置連續(xù)自動對焦,放連拍,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 如機器普通,則上腳架耐心等候,預先對焦在鳥兒可能落的位置,后切換手動對焦,取消raw格式(因SD卡讀寫速度限制),放連拍。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;"></h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 拍月亮:手動M檔,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;上三腳架,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 感光度:iso100,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 長焦鏡頭(300以上焦段),</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; F8-10,</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 快門根據(jù)夜色明暗調整,最好液晶屏取景,放大手動對焦。</h3>